The Site of a settlement describes the physical nature of where it is located. Factors as water supply, building materials, quality of soil, climate, shelter and defence were all considered when settlements were first established. For instance the site of Sydney, in Australia, initially took advantage of the excellent natural harbour and surrounding fertile farmland.

The situation of a settlement is its location in relation to surrounding human and physical features. We usually describe the situation when we are telling someone where a settlement is. The situation of a settlement is the description of the settlement in relation to physical features around it and other settlements.

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