The fight against fraud in peer review

We’ve all heard about fake news. Now we have deceptive scholarship. Derek Pyne, a Thompson Rivers University economist, is among the global academics determined to expose deceptive academic journals, sometimes at a risk to their careers. A determined B.C. economics professor has journeyed into the heart of a dark world where academics seeking to advance their…

via The fight against fraud in peer review — Watts Up With That?

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Settlement Geography : Subject Matter

Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the earth’s surface’s part settled by humans. According to the United Nations’ Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976), “human settlements means the totality of the human community – whether city, town or village – with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it.”

A settlement is an existence of occupancy for shelter where people live. Settlement is man’s structural transformation towards application to his environment.The study of settlements is largely a product of the twentieth century. A settlement is man’s first step towards adaptation to his environment. Settlement designates an organised colony of human beings, together with their residences and other buildings (shops, hotels, banks etc.), the roads, streets which are used for travel. Settlements are located as advantageously as possible with respect to natural features such as water, fuel, food, protection and drainage and access to transportation and communication.

The primary aim of studying Settlement Geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of  human settlements under varied environmental conditions.

The study of  Settlement Geography studies follow these  broad points

  • Definition of Rural and Urban Settlement and their merits and demerits
  • Settlement site and Structure-Internal Morphology and External form, Field Patterns, functions and house types
  • spatial organization- size ,spacing and hierarchy of settlements, emergence and characteristics of urban settlements
  • Settlement -environment relationship: Global and regional patterns, policies and programms
  • Salient Features of Human Settlements

Source(s) ,Link(s) and Further Readings:

Wikipedia

Ethnoburbs

Rural Settlements in India

Village : Basic Unit of Settlements Development

Exurbia

Rural Settlements in India

A Temporal Overview of March of Urbanisation

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Oxford in Night

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Oriel College Oxford

Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King’s College and King’s Hall.The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official Visitor of the College.

Source(s) and Link(s):

Wikipedia

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