Obliquity, inclination and eccentricity of Earth – a model: Part 2

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Kepler’s trigon – the orientation of consecutive Jupiter-Saturn synodic periods, showing the repeating triangular shape (trigon).
This of course follows on from the very recent Part 1 of the model. Since Jupiter and Saturn are the dominant planets in our solar system, we can speculate that they may have a significant effect on the obliquity of smaller bodies. Or they may not – no-one knows, but we can look at possible evidence.
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Precession of the Jupiter-Saturn conjunction (J-S) was worked out by Kepler centuries ago, as shown in his diagram to the right.

‘As successive great conjunctions occur nearly 120° apart, their appearances form a triangular pattern. In a series every fourth conjunction returns after some 60 years in the vicinity of the first. These returns are observed to be shifted by some 7–8°’ – Wikipedia.

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Obliquity, inclination and eccentricity of Earth – a model: Part 1

oldbrew's avatarTallbloke's Talkshop

Earth’s Axial Tilt, or Obliquity [Credit: Wikipedia]
First let’s get the approximate target numbers for the model.

‘The inclination of Earth’s orbit varies with respect to the solar system’s invariant plane with a period of roughly 71000 years.
. . .
Taken in conjunction with the 26000-year spin-axis precession, the 71000-year orbit precession causes a 41000-year oscillation in the tilt of the earth’s axis, about plus or minus 1.3 degrees from its average value of 23.3 degrees. This number is not absolutely stable – it depends on the combined positions of all the planets through time.’

Astronomy: precession of Earth (Washington State University)
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Origin of the 100 kyr Glacial Cycle: eccentricity or orbital inclination?

‘Spectral analysis of climate data shows a strong narrow peak with period ~ 100 kyr, attributed by the Milankovitch theory to changes in the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit. The narrowness…

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Intervening Obstacles in Migration

What Are Intervening Obstacles in Migration?

Intervening obstacle is an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration Intervening opportunities Intervening opportunities are the nature and number of possible alternative migration destinations which may exist between place A (migration origin) and place B (migration destination).

Intervening obstacles are factors that cause migrants challenges or prevent them from reaching their goal. Examples of intervening obstacles include mountains, forests, deserts, cities and bodies of water. Some of these barriers block the migration of some species, while they do not slow down other specie at all. For example, a large desert may prevent amphibians or insects from completing their migration, while birds fly right over it.

Humans may encounter intervening obstacles during migratory travels as well. Deserts and mountains are particularly difficult for humans to traverse, while forests and cities are easy for humans to cross. Over time, humans often constructed settlements near such challenging features, as a last stop in which travelers could resupply and rest before enduring difficult travels.

Sources:

reference.com

Cultural Geography Blog

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Fog in Aligarh:Just Clicked

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