Cities are growing rapidly, especially in developing countries. It’s an exciting time for economic growth and innovation, but what gets less attention is the strain that urbanization places on basic services, like healthcare. The faster cities grow, the harder it is for systems to keep up. 

Efficient and effective healthcare is more than having a hospital or clinic nearby. It’s about supporting the entire community in all ways that serve their health and well-being. And when it comes to access, geography really is everything. 

In rapidly urbanizing regions, many people face barriers to care. This usually hits women and children the hardest, leaving the most vulnerable without essential services. 

The Cost of Growth

Let’s talk numbers. According to the World Bank’s latest findings, over half of the world’s population now lives in cities. That total is expected to be closer to 70% by the end of 2050. And when cities are booming faster than governments can build infrastructure, the result is this: 

Stretched healthcare systems that can’t meet the needs of everyone in the way that it should.

Overcrowding in urban centers means longer wait times, understaffing, and an overburdened system. Service delivery then becomes inefficient, and essential services get delayed or completely overlooked. 

Take the example of slum areas in fast-growing cities. These places often lack basic infrastructure. Residents have to travel long distances to access a clinic, if there’s one at all. Or, when hospitals are available, they’re typically understaffed and underfunded. As pressure mounts, the quality of care is the first thing to drop, and it’s always the vulnerable members of the population who feel it the most. 

In some places, basic healthcare like prenatal care or vaccinations are either unavailable or inaccessible, contributing to high mortality rates among mothers and infants. This disparity isn’t just an inconvenience; it’s a matter of life and death. 

Urban growth, when poorly managed, can create a hostile environment that blocks people from the very services they need to thrive. And as more people move into cities, the cost of this imbalance will continue to rise. 

Urbanization and Infant Health

Urban slums are often the offshoot of rapid urbanization, and in these places, women and children are the ones who struggle the most. The NIH states that women living in slums are far more likely to have premature births and babies with low birth weight. This is because of their limited access to prenatal care and treatments that could reduce these risks. 

Urbanization also shapes infant nutrition and overall health. Without proper breastfeeding support or medical advice, many families turn to formula feeding. While infant formula can be a necessary alternative, the NEC baby formula lawsuit highlights the inherent risks of certain brands.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening intestinal disease needing specialized care. According to TorHoerman Law, cow’s milk-based formulas like Similac and Enfamil have been linked to an increased risk of NEC in preterm infants. Babies often suffer permanent damage that requires ongoing care, or in some extreme cases, loss of life. 

This is but one example of how broken systems force families to contend with physical and emotional trauma as well as financial strain. When a community is already struggling with overcrowding and limited resources, healthcare risks multiply.

Bridging Gaps Through Innovation

Much-needed hope comes in the form of innovative approaches to reach vulnerable populations. In Nairobi, Kenya, mobile clinics are providing basic healthcare services to those in slums who otherwise wouldn’t have access. 

Other cities are training community health workers who live within the communities they serve. These workers understand local issues personally, and can offer both medical care as well as health education. 

Another promising development is the push for more government funding in urban healthcare. Cities like Mumbai and Lagos are now prioritizing health in their urban planning. They’re dedicating resources to building better clinics and hospitals in underserved areas. 

Telemedicine is becoming increasingly important in delivering care to people in remote areas or where facilities are scarce. Mobile apps and online platforms overcome the distance problem for many. 

These approaches reflect the creative ways that cities are trying to overcome the challenges of rapid urbanization and improve access to healthcare. They’re aimed at reducing barriers that contribute to the growing inequality in urban health.

Conclusion

For women, children, and marginalized populations, geography still plays a significant role in determining health outcomes. But the good news is that some solutions are already taking root. So as the rise of urbanization continues to shape our world, how we address the gaps in healthcare makes all the difference. It’s the deciding factor in how healthy and equitable these new cities become.