West Asia, also known as the Middle East, has diverse landforms that include mountains, plateaus, deserts, and river valleys. The major landforms of the region include:

1. Mountains:
   • Zagros Mountains (Iran, Iraq) – A rugged range that extends from western Iran into Iraq.
   • Taurus Mountains (Turkey) – A prominent mountain range in southern Turkey.
   • Elburz Mountains (Iran) – Includes Mount Damavand, the highest peak in West Asia.
   • Hijaz and Asir Mountains (Saudi Arabia) – Mountain ranges along the western Arabian Peninsula.
2. Plateaus:
   • Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) – A highland region in central Turkey.
   • Iranian Plateau (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) – A vast plateau covering much of Iran and extending into neighboring countries.
   • Najd Plateau (Saudi Arabia) – A central plateau in the Arabian Peninsula.
3. Deserts:
   • Rub’ al Khali (Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Yemen) – One of the largest continuous sand deserts in the world.
   • Syrian Desert (Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia) – A mix of rocky and sandy desert.
   • Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut (Iran) – Salt and sand deserts in central and eastern Iran.
4. River Valleys and Plains:
   • Mesopotamian Plain (Iraq, Syria, Kuwait) – Formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known as the “Cradle of Civilization.”
   • Jordan Valley (Jordan, Israel, Palestine) – Includes the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, the lowest land point on Earth.
   • Indus Plain (Pakistan, Iran) – The western edge of the fertile Indus River Basin.
5. Coastal and Island Features:
   • Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea Coastlines – Important for trade and oil exports.
   • Red Sea Coastline – Features coral reefs and maritime trade routes.
   • Islands such as Bahrain, Socotra (Yemen), and Kish (Iran).

These landforms shape the climate, economy, and settlement patterns of West Asia, influencing agriculture, water availability, and urban development.