Tag Archives: Sustainability

Surplus Production : Critical Factor in Urban Development

Posted on October 25, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Surplus production refers to the generation of goods—typically agricultural or material—beyond what is required for immediate consumption or subsistence. It is a foundational concept in economic geography and urban development theory, serving as the economic base that enabled the rise of cities and … Continue reading →

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Agent Based Urban Modelling

Posted on October 19, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Agent-based models (ABMs) in urban modelling simulate how individual entities—such as residents, businesses, and vehicles—interact within cities to collectively produce complex urban patterns. They are particularly useful for exploring how micro-level decisions create macro-level phenomena in urban systems such as … Continue reading →

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Urban Modelling : An Overview

Posted on October 16, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Urban modelling is the theoretical and practical process of representing, analyzing, and simulating the spatial organization, development patterns, and dynamics of urban areas. The purpose of urban models is to explain how cities grow, function, and evolve over time by … Continue reading →

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Factors Affecting the Size and Spacing of Rural Settlements

Posted on September 27, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

The size and spacing of rural settlements are influenced by multiple interrelated factors mainly involving physical, agricultural, demographic, and historical aspects. There are mainly two types of spacing – Spacing amongst the different settlements and spacing inside the settlements. Spacing … Continue reading →

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