Following are the basic type of Communalism
- Assimilationist Communalism
- Welfarist Communalism
- Retreatist Communalism
- Retaliatory Communalism
- Separatist Communalism
- Secessionist communalism
- Assimilationist Communalism:- When a larger religious community tries to assimilate the smaller ones such that the latter’s culture gets subdued.
- For example, the Hindu Code Bill is applicable to Sikh, Buddhists and Jains as well. Tribals were considered as backward Hindus by GS Ghure (Father of Indian Sociology)
- Welfarist Communalism:- Working for the welfare of one’s own community.
- Example- establishing hostels, scholarships, employment opportunities etc.
- Retreatist Communalism:- The members of the Bahai community (Bahaism religion) proscribe/ forbid their members from participating in political processes as it is based on the ideology of unity of God, religion, mankind etc.
- Retaliatory Communalism:- Communities have relatively hostile interests and often it is manifested in the form of communal violence.
- Separatist Communalism:-The demand for autonomy based on religion, however, within the Indian union.
- Example- the demand for Punjab state
- Secessionist communalism:- Demand for a separate nation based on religion or regionalism.
- Example- the demands for Khalistan or Tamil Eelam
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