Tag Archives: history

Surplus Production : Critical Factor in Urban Development

Posted on October 25, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Surplus production refers to the generation of goods—typically agricultural or material—beyond what is required for immediate consumption or subsistence. It is a foundational concept in economic geography and urban development theory, serving as the economic base that enabled the rise of cities and … Continue reading →

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Magic : A Precursor to Religion?

Posted on October 7, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Magic is the application of beliefs, rituals or actions employed in the belief that they can manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces. It is a category into which have been placed various beliefs and practices sometimes considered separate from both religion and … Continue reading →

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Bongaism

Posted on October 7, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

Bongaism is a traditional religious belief system found mainly among certain tribal groups in India—especially the Santal, Munda, and Ho tribes of Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal. The term comes from “Bonga,” meaning “spirit” or “deity” in their languages, and … Continue reading →

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Factors Affecting the Size and Spacing of Rural Settlements

Posted on September 27, 2025 by Rashid Faridi

The size and spacing of rural settlements are influenced by multiple interrelated factors mainly involving physical, agricultural, demographic, and historical aspects. There are mainly two types of spacing – Spacing amongst the different settlements and spacing inside the settlements. Spacing … Continue reading →

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