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Following are the basic type of Communalism

• Assimilationist Communalism
• Welfarist Communalism
• Retreatist Communalism
• Retaliatory Communalism
• Separatist Communalism
• Secessionist communalism

• Assimilationist Communalism:- When a larger religious community tries to assimilate the smaller ones such that the latter’s culture gets subdued.
  • For example, the Hindu Code Bill is applicable to Sikh, Buddhists and Jains as well. Tribals were considered as backward Hindus by GS Ghure (Father of Indian Sociology)
• Welfarist Communalism:- Working for the welfare of one’s own community.
  • Example- establishing hostels, scholarships, employment opportunities etc.
• Retreatist Communalism:- The members of the Bahai community (Bahaism religion) proscribe/ forbid their members from participating in political processes as it is based on the ideology of unity of God, religion, mankind etc.
• Retaliatory Communalism:- Communities have relatively hostile interests and often it is manifested in the form of communal violence.
• Separatist Communalism:-The demand for autonomy based on religion, however, within the Indian union.
  • Example- the demand for Punjab state
• Secessionist communalism:- Demand for a separate nation based on religion or regionalism.
  • Example- the demands for Khalistan or Tamil Eelam

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